Nutrition

Consuming two or more glasses of sugar-sweetened or artificially-sweetened soft drinks per day is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality.

Being vegan, vegetarian, or semi-vegetarian (eating meat less than once per week) is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes in adults.

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

Regularly taking multi-vitamin supplements does not reduce the risk of developing or dying from cardiovascular disease.

Eating more fruits and vegetables is associated with lower risk of hip fractures in men and women over 50.

PLOS ONE

Eating red meat and white meat had similar effects on cholesterol over a four week period, whereas eating non-meat proteins lowered cholesterol. Regardless of meat intake, diets that were higher in saturated fats increased cholesterol.

For women aged 18 to 32, mental well-being may be supported by following a Mediterranean-like diet rich in leafy vegetables, beans, fruits, nuts, and fish, whereas men the same age may improve mental well-being by more generally avoiding diets heavy in fast food.

Newborns fed with their mother's milk had greater microbial "richness" (more variety of bacterial species) than those fed with formula.

PLOS ONE

Among adults in the U.S., diets with about 50% carbs were associated with reduced mortality risk, whereas low- and high-carb diets (less than 40% or more than 70%) were associated with higher risk. This risk increased when carbs were replaced by animal fat or protein, and decreased when replaced with plant-based foods.

In both low- and high-income countries, increasing body-mass index (BMI) between 1987 and 2017 rose faster in rural areas than in cities. This challenges the common belief that the global obesity epidemic is driven primarily by urbanization.

Eating more fish or supplements high in omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of sudden death from cardiac events in men, including men without a history of cardiovascular disease.

New England Journal of Medicine